Mouse anti-Human sapiens (Human) CTLA4 Monoclonal Antibody

Function

Inhibitory receptor acting as a major negative regulator of T-cell responses (PubMed:11279501, PubMed:11279502, PubMed:16551244, PubMed:1714933, PubMed:18641304, PubMed:28484017). Acts as a decoy receptor: the affinity of CTLA4 for its natural B7 family ligands, CD80 and CD86, is considerably stronger than the affinity of their cognate stimulatory coreceptor CD28 (PubMed:11279501, PubMed:11279502, PubMed:16551244, PubMed:1714933, PubMed:28484017)

Subcellular Location

Cell membrane (Single-pass type I membrane protein)

Disease Association

Immune dysregulation with autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, and lymphoproliferation (IDAIL) : An autosomal dominant primary immunodeficiency characterized by severe autoimmunity, infiltration of non-lymphoid organs, such as the intestine, lungs and brain, by hyperactive T cells and B cells, autoimmune cytopenias, and hypogammaglobulinemia in early childhood. [The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry]

Tissue Specificity

Widely expressed with highest levels in lymphoid tissues. Detected in activated T-cells where expression levels are 30- to 50-fold less than CD28, the stimulatory coreceptor, on the cell surface following activation

Subunit

Homodimer; disulfide-linked (PubMed:11279501, PubMed:11279502, PubMed:21156796, PubMed:28484017, Ref.24). Interacts with ICOSLG (PubMed:28484017)

• Harper K. et al. CTLA-4 and CD28 activated lymphocyte molecules are closely related in both mouse and human as to sequence, message expression, gene structure, and chromosomal location. — J. Immunol. (1991)
• Ling V. et al. Assembly and annotation of human chromosome 2q33 sequence containing the CD28, CTLA4, and ICOS gene cluster: analysis by computational, comparative, and microarray approaches. — Genomics (2001)
• Gu M. et al. Identification of CTLA-4 isoforms produced by alternative splicing and their association with myasthenia gravis. — Clin. Immunol. (2008)
• Wu P.W. et al. Full length sequence of hCTLA4 cDNA. (AUG-)
• PubMed: CI-DIAL9GH7VB631 (JAN-)
• Hillier L.W. et al. Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. — Nature (2005)
• The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). — Genome Res. (2004)
• Dariavach P. et al. Human Ig superfamily CTLA-4 gene: chromosomal localization and identity of protein sequence between murine and human CTLA-4 cytoplasmic domains. — Eur. J. Immunol. (1988)