Mouse anti-Human/Mouse/Rat ATG7 Monoclonal Antibody

Function

E1-like activating enzyme involved in the 2 ubiquitin-like systems required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Activates ATG12 for its conjugation with ATG5 as well as the ATG8 family proteins for their conjugation with phosphatidylethanolamine. Both systems are needed for the ATG8 association to Cvt vesicles and autophagosomes membranes. Required for autophagic death induced by caspase-8 inhibition. Facilitates LC3-I lipidation with phosphatidylethanolamine to form LC3-II which is found on autophagosomal membranes (PubMed:34161705). Required for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Modulates p53/TP53 activity to regulate cell cycle and survival during metabolic stress. Also plays a key role in the maintenance of axonal homeostasis, the prevention of axonal degeneration, the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells, the formation of Paneth cell granules, as well as in adipose differentiation. Plays a role in regulating the liver clock and glucose metabolism by mediating the autophagic degradation of CRY1 (clock repressor) in a time-dependent manner (By similarity)

Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm; Preautophagosomal structure

Disease Association

Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive, 31 (SCAR31) : A form of spinocerebellar ataxia, a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of cerebellar disorders due to degeneration of the cerebellum with variable involvement of the brainstem and spinal cord. SCAR30 is characterized by global developmental delay, hypotonia, variably impaired intellectual and language development, ataxic gait, tremor, and dysarthria. Most affected individuals have optic atrophy. Additional features may include retinitis pigmentosa, sensorineural deafness, dysmorphic facial features, and possibly endocrine dysfunction. [The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry]

Tissue Specificity

Widely expressed, especially in kidney, liver, lymph nodes and bone marrow

Subunit

Homodimer (PubMed:11096062). Interacts with ATG3; this interaction is essential for the transfer of ATG8-like proteins's thioester from ATG7 to ATG3 and plays a role in the conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5 (PubMed:11825910, PubMed:26043688). Interacts with ATG12 (PubMed:11096062, PubMed:11825910). Forms intermediate conjugates with GABARAPL1 (By similarity). Forms intermediate conjugates with ATG8-like proteins such as GABARAP, GABARAPL2 or MAP1LC3A (PubMed:11096062, PubMed:16303767). Interacts with EP300 acetyltransferase (PubMed:19124466). Interacts with FOXO1 (PubMed:20543840)

• Yuan W. et al. Glucose-induced autophagy of peroxisomes in Pichia pastoris requires a unique E1-like protein. — Mol. Biol. Cell (1999)
• Ota T. et al. Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. — Nat. Genet. (2004)
• Muzny D.M. et al. The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3. — Nature (2006)
• The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). — Genome Res. (2004)
• Bechtel S. et al. The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium. — BMC Genomics (2007)
• Tanida I. et al. The human homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Apg7p is a Protein-activating enzyme for multiple substrates including human Apg12p, GATE-16, GABARAP, and MAP-LC3. — J. Biol. Chem. (2001)
• Tanida I. et al. Murine Apg12p has a substrate preference for murine Apg7p over three Apg8p homologs. — Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2002)
• Tanida I. et al. Human Apg3p/Aut1p homologue is an authentic E2 enzyme for multiple substrates, GATE-16, GABARAP, and MAP-LC3, and facilitates the conjugation of hApg12p to hApg5p. — J. Biol. Chem. (2002)