Mouse anti-Human/Mouse/Rat RELA Monoclonal Antibody

Function

NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The heterodimeric RELA-NFKB1 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively. The NF-kappa-B heterodimeric RELA-NFKB1 and RELA-REL complexes, for instance, function as transcriptional activators. NF-kappa-B is controlled by various mechanisms of post-translational modification and subcellular compartmentalization as well as by interactions with other cofactors or corepressors. NF-kappa-B complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with members of the NF-kappa-B inhibitor (I-kappa-B) family. In a conventional activation pathway, I-kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NF-kappa-B complex which translocates to the nucleus. The inhibitory effect of I-kappa-B on NF-kappa-B through retention in the cytoplasm is exerted primarily through the interaction with RELA. RELA shows a weak DNA-binding site which could contribute directly to DNA binding in the NF-kappa-B complex. Besides its activity as a direct transcriptional activator, it is also able to modulate promoters accessibility to transcription factors and thereby indirectly regulate gene expression. Associates with chromatin at the NF-kappa-B promoter region via association with DDX1. Essential for cytokine gene expression in T-cells (PubMed:15790681). The NF-kappa-B homodimeric RELA-RELA complex appears to be involved in invasin-mediated activation of IL-8 expression. Key transcription factor regulating the IFN response during SARS-CoV-2 infection (PubMed:33440148)

Subcellular Location

Nucleus; Cytoplasm

Disease Association

[A chromosomal aberration involving ZFTA is found in more than two-thirds of supratentorial ependymomas. Translocation with ZFTA produces a ZFTA-RELA fusion protein. ZFTA-RELA translocations are potent oncogenes that probably transform neural stem cells by driving an aberrant NF-kappa-B transcription program (PubMed:24553141)] | Autoinflammatory disease, familial, Behcet-like 3 (AIFBL3) : An autosomal dominant, mucocutaneous disease characterized by chronic mucosal lesions, in absence of recurrent infections. [The disease may be caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry]

Subunit

(Microbial infection) Interacts with human cytomegalovirus protein UL44; this interaction prevents NF-kappa-B binding to its promoters

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• PubMed: CI-3C51QLQIQBPIO (OCT-)
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