Recombinant Feline coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), Partial

Function

S1 region attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host ANPEP/aminopeptidase N, initiating the infection. Binding to the receptor probably induces conformational changes in the S glycoprotein unmasking the fusion peptide of S2 region and activating membranes fusion. S2 region belongs to the class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least 3 conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) regions assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes

Subcellular Location

Virion membrane (Single-pass type I membrane protein); Host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane (Single-pass type I membrane protein)

Subunit

Homotrimer. During virus morphogenesis, found in a complex with M and HE proteins. Interacts with host ANPEP

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• Haijema B.J. et al. PubMed: CI-E85T7OITDRLRV (MAR-)
• Godeke G.J. et al. Assembly of spikes into coronavirus particles is mediated by the carboxy-terminal domain of the spike protein. — J. Virol. (2000)
• Tresnan D.B. et al. Feline aminopeptidase N serves as a receptor for feline, canine, porcine, and human coronaviruses in serogroup I. — J. Virol. (1996)