Recombinant Human Early activation antigen CD69 (CD69), partial (Active)

Function

Transmembrane protein expressed mainly on T-cells resident in mucosa that plays an essential role in immune cell homeostasis. Rapidly expressed on the surface of platelets, T-lymphocytes and NK cells upon activation by various stimuli, such as antigen recognition or cytokine signaling, stimulates different signaling pathways in different cell types (PubMed:24752896, PubMed:26296369, PubMed:35930205). Negatively regulates Th17 cell differentiation through its carbohydrate dependent interaction with galectin-1/LGALS1 present on immature dendritic cells (PubMed:24752896). Association of CD69 cytoplasmic tail with the JAK3/STAT5 signaling pathway regulates the transcription of RORgamma/RORC and, consequently, differentiation toward the Th17 lineage (By similarity). Also acts via the S100A8/S100A9 complex present on peripheral blood mononuclear cells to promote the conversion of naive CD4 T-cells into regulatory T-cells (PubMed:26296369). Acts as an oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) receptor in CD4 T-lymphocytes and negatively regulates the inflammatory response by inducing the expression of PDCD1 through the activation of NFAT (PubMed:35930205). Participates in adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs)-mediated protection against P.aeruginosa infection. Mechanistically, specifically recognizes P.aeruginosa to promote ERK1 activation, followed by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and other inflammatory cytokines secretion (PubMed:34841721). In eosinophils, induces IL-10 production through the ERK1/2 pathway (By similarity). Negatively regulates the chemotactic responses of effector lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) to sphingosine 1 phosphate/S1P by acting as a S1PR1 receptor agonist and facilitating the internalization and degradation of the receptor (PubMed:37039481)

Subcellular Location

Cell membrane (Single-pass type II membrane protein)

Tissue Specificity

Expressed on the surface of activated T-cells, B-cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, epidermal Langerhans cells and platelets

Subunit

Homodimer; disulfide-linked (PubMed:37039481). Interacts with S100A8 and S100A9 (PubMed:26296369). Interacts with galactin-1/LGALS1 (PubMed:24752896). Interacts with S1PR1; this interaction mediates S1PR1 degradation (PubMed:37039481)

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• Lopez-Cabrera M. et al. Molecular cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of the human earliest lymphocyte activation antigen AIM/CD69, a new member of the C-type animal lectin superfamily of signal-transmitting receptors. — J. Exp. Med. (1993)
• Ziegler S.F. et al. Molecular characterization of the early activation antigen CD69: a type II membrane glycoprotein related to a family of natural killer cell activation antigens. — Eur. J. Immunol. (1993)
• Santis A. et al. Structure of the gene coding for the human early lymphocyte activation antigen CD69: a C-type lectin receptor evolutionarily related with the gene families of natural killer cell-specific receptors. — Eur. J. Immunol. (1994)
• The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). — Genome Res. (2004)
• Zhou H. et al. Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome. — J. Proteome Res. (2013)
• de la Fuente H. et al. The leukocyte activation receptor CD69 controls T cell differentiation through its interaction with galectin-1. — Mol. Cell. Biol. (2014)
• Lin C.R. et al. Glycosylation-dependent interaction between CD69 and S100A8/S100A9 complex is required for regulatory T-cell differentiation. — FASEB J. (2015)