Recombinant Human Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3 (ENPP3), partial (Active)

Function

Hydrolase that metabolizes extracellular nucleotides, including ATP, GTP, UTP and CTP (PubMed:29717535, PubMed:9344668). Also hydrolyzes extracellular 2',3'-cGAMP (cyclic GMP-AMP), a second messenger that activates TMEM173/STING and triggers type-I interferon production, and is therefore involved in the regulation of innate immune response (PubMed:38749434). 2',3'-cGAMP appears to be further processed to GMP, AMP and inorganic phosphate (PubMed:38749434). Limits mast cells and basophils response during inflammation and during the chronic phases of allergic responses by eliminating extracellular ATP, a signaling molecule activating these cells in an autocrine manner. Metabolizes extracellular ATP in the lumen of the small intestine, and thereby prevents ATP-induced apoptosis of intestinal plasmacytoid dendritic cells (By similarity). Has a broad specificity and can also hydrolyze UDP-GlcNAc into UMP and GlcNAc-1-phosphate and potentially several other intracellular nucleotide sugars, including UDP-GalNAc, CMP-NeuAc, GDP-Fuc, and UDP-GlcA. Thereby, could modulate glycan biosynthesis and protein glycosylation (By similarity). Can hydrolyze extracellular dinucleoside polyphosphates, including the vasoactive adenosine polyphosphates as well (PubMed:12846830). In addition, displays an alkaline phosphodiesterase activity in vitro (PubMed:11342463)

Subcellular Location

Cell membrane (Single-pass type II membrane protein); Apical cell membrane (Single-pass type II membrane protein); Secreted

Tissue Specificity

Detected on bile ducts in liver, and in blood serum (at protein level) (PubMed:15072822). Detected in prostate and uterus (PubMed:9344668). Detected on basophils, but not neutrophils (PubMed:11342463)

Subunit

Monomer and homodimer

• Piao J.-H. et al. Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of PD-Ibeta (PDNP3), a new member of the human phosphodiesterase I genes. — Genomics (1997)
• Bechtel S. et al. The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium. — BMC Genomics (2007)
• Mungall A.J. et al. The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. — Nature (2003)
• Mural R.J. et al. PubMed: CI-5GBD0VIIJ7C63 (SEP-)
• Buehring H.J. et al. The basophil activation marker defined by antibody 97A6 is identical to the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3. — Blood (2001)
• Vollmayer P. et al. Hydrolysis of diadenosine polyphosphates by nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases. — Eur. J. Biochem. (2003)
• Yano Y. et al. Expression and localization of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I-1 (E-NPP1/PC-1) and -3 (E-NPP3/CD203c/PD-Ibeta/B10/gp130(RB13-6)) in inflammatory and neoplastic bile duct diseases. — Cancer Lett. (2004)
• Buehring H.J. et al. The basophil-specific ectoenzyme E-NPP3 (CD203c) as a marker for cell activation and allergy diagnosis. — Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. (2004)