Recombinant Human Interleukin-1 alpha (IL1A) (Active)

Function

Cytokine constitutively present intracellularly in nearly all resting non-hematopoietic cells that plays an important role in inflammation and bridges the innate and adaptive immune systems (PubMed:26439902). After binding to its receptor IL1R1 together with its accessory protein IL1RAP, forms the high affinity interleukin-1 receptor complex (PubMed:17507369, PubMed:2950091). Signaling involves the recruitment of adapter molecules such as MYD88, IRAK1 or IRAK4 (PubMed:17507369). In turn, mediates the activation of NF-kappa-B and the three MAPK pathways p38, p42/p44 and JNK pathways (PubMed:14687581). Within the cell, acts as an alarmin and cell death results in its liberation in the extracellular space after disruption of the cell membrane to induce inflammation and alert the host to injury or damage (PubMed:15679580). In addition to its role as a danger signal, which occurs when the cytokine is passively released by cell necrosis, directly senses DNA damage and acts as a signal for genotoxic stress without loss of cell integrity (PubMed:26439902)

Subcellular Location

Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Secreted

Subunit

Monomer. Interacts with TMED10; the interaction mediates the translocation from the cytoplasm into the ERGIC (endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment) and thereby secretion (PubMed:32272059). Interacts with IL1R1 (PubMed:2950091). Interacts with S100A13; this interaction is the first step in the export of IL1A, followed by direct translocation of this complex across the plasma membrane (PubMed:21270123)

• March C.J. et al. Cloning, sequence and expression of two distinct human interleukin-1 complementary DNAs. — Nature (1985)
• Furutani Y. et al. Complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for human interleukin 1 alpha. — Nucleic Acids Res. (1986)
• Furutani Y. et al. Cloning and characterization of the cDNAs for human and rabbit interleukin-1 precursor. — Nucleic Acids Res. (1985)
• Kotenko S.V. et al. Cloning of the cDNA coding for human prointerleukin-1 alpha and prointerleukin-1 beta. — Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR (1989)
• Gubler U. et al. Recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha: purification and biological characterization. — J. Immunol. (1986)
• Nishida T. et al. cDNA cloning of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta from mRNA of U937 cell line. — Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1987)
• Nicklin M.J.H. et al. A sequence-based map of the nine genes of the human interleukin-1 cluster. — Genomics (2002)
• Kalnine N. et al. Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor vector. (MAY-)