Recombinant Human RAD51-associated protein 1 (RAD51AP1)

Function

Structure-specific DNA-binding protein involved in DNA repair by promoting RAD51-mediated homologous recombination (PubMed:17996710, PubMed:17996711, PubMed:20871616, PubMed:25288561, PubMed:26323318). Acts by stimulating D-Loop formation by RAD51: specifically enhances joint molecule formation through its structure-specific DNA interaction and its interaction with RAD51 (PubMed:17996710, PubMed:17996711). Binds single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and secondary DNA structures, such as D-loop structures: has a strong preference for branched-DNA structures that are obligatory intermediates during joint molecule formation (PubMed:17996710, PubMed:17996711, PubMed:22375013, PubMed:9396801). Cooperates with WDR48/UAF1 to stimulate RAD51-mediated homologous recombination: both WDR48/UAF1 and RAD51AP1 have coordinated role in DNA-binding during homologous recombination and DNA repair (PubMed:27239033, PubMed:27463890, PubMed:32350107). WDR48/UAF1 and RAD51AP1 also have a coordinated role in DNA-binding to promote USP1-mediated deubiquitination of FANCD2 (PubMed:31253762). Also involved in meiosis by promoting DMC1-mediated homologous meiotic recombination (PubMed:21307306). Key mediator of alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway, a homology-directed repair mechanism of telomere elongation that controls proliferation in aggressive cancers, by stimulating homologous recombination (PubMed:31400850). May also bind RNA; additional evidences are however required to confirm RNA-binding in vivo (PubMed:9396801)

Subcellular Location

Chromosome; Nucleus; Chromosome, telomere

Tissue Specificity

Highly expressed in testis and thymus (PubMed:9396801). Lower levels in colon and small intestine (PubMed:9396801). Little or no expression in spleen, prostate, ovary and peripheral blood leukocytes (PubMed:9396801)

Subunit

Does not interact with DMC1; lack of interaction is caused by the absence of the WVPP motif in this isoform

• Kovalenko O.V. et al. A novel nucleic acid-binding protein that interacts with human rad51 recombinase. — Nucleic Acids Res. (1997)
• Ota T. et al. Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. — Nat. Genet. (2004)
• Mural R.J. et al. PubMed: CI-5GBD0VIIJ7C63 (SEP-)
• The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). — Genome Res. (2004)
• Kovalenko O.V. et al. RAD51AP2, a novel vertebrate- and meiotic-specific protein, shares a conserved RAD51-interacting C-terminal domain with RAD51AP1/PIR51. — Nucleic Acids Res. (2006)
• Modesti M. et al. RAD51AP1 is a structure-specific DNA binding protein that stimulates joint molecule formation during RAD51-mediated homologous recombination. — Mol. Cell (2007)
• Wiese C. et al. Promotion of homologous recombination and genomic stability by RAD51AP1 via RAD51 recombinase enhancement. — Mol. Cell (2007)
• Dephoure N. et al. A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. — Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2008)