Recombinant Mouse CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (Cx3cr1)-VLPs Protein

Function

Receptor for the C-X3-C chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) present on many early leukocyte cells; CX3CR1-CX3CL1 signaling exerts distinct functions in different tissue compartments, such as immune response, inflammation, cell adhesion and chemotaxis (PubMed:10187784, PubMed:9918795). CX3CR1-CX3CL1 signaling mediates cell migratory functions (PubMed:11544273, PubMed:12871640, PubMed:16675847, PubMed:18322241). Responsible for the recruitment of natural killer (NK) cells to inflamed tissues (PubMed:11544273, PubMed:16675847). Acts as a regulator of inflammation process leading to atherogenesis by mediating macrophage and monocyte recruitment to inflamed atherosclerotic plaques, promoting cell survival (PubMed:12569158, PubMed:18971423). Involved in airway inflammation by promoting interleukin 2-producing T helper (Th2) cell survival in inflamed lung (PubMed:21037587). Involved in the migration of circulating monocytes to non-inflamed tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells (PubMed:12871640). Acts as a negative regulator of angiogenesis, probably by promoting macrophage chemotaxis (PubMed:18322241). Plays a key role in brain microglia by regulating inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS) and regulating synapse maturation (PubMed:16732273, PubMed:21778362, PubMed:24487234). Required to restrain the microglial inflammatory response in the CNS and the resulting parenchymal damage in response to pathological stimuli (PubMed:16732273). Involved in brain development by participating in synaptic pruning, a natural process during which brain microglia eliminates extra synapses during postnatal development (PubMed:21778362). Synaptic pruning by microglia is required to promote the maturation of circuit connectivity during brain development (PubMed:24487234). Acts as an important regulator of the gut microbiota by controlling immunity to intestinal bacteria and fungi (PubMed:15653504, PubMed:29326275). Expressed in lamina propria dendritic cells in the small intestine, which form transepithelial dendrites capable of taking up bacteria in order to provide defense against pathogenic bacteria (PubMed:15653504). Required to initiate innate and adaptive immune responses against dissemination of commensal fungi (mycobiota) component of the gut: expressed in mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) and acts by promoting induction of antifungal IgG antibodies response to confer protection against disseminated C.albicans or C.auris infection (PubMed:29326275, PubMed:33548172). Also acts as a receptor for C-C motif chemokine CCL26, inducing cell chemotaxis (By similarity)

Subcellular Location

Cell membrane (Multi-pass membrane protein)

Tissue Specificity

Specifically expressed in subsets of leukocytes: expressed in monocytes, subsets of T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells in the circulation, dendritic cells, as well as in microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) (PubMed:10805752, PubMed:12871640, PubMed:16732273). Expression level subdivides blood monocytes into two major functional subsets; CD14(+)CD16(-)-CX3CR1(low) inflammatory monocytes and CD14(low)CD16(+)CX3CR1(high) homeostatic monocytes (PubMed:12871640). Expressed in myeloid-derived mucosal dendritic cells, which populate the entire lamina propria of the small intestine (PubMed:15653504)

Subunit

Found in a ternary complex with CX3CL1 and ITGAV:ITGB3 or ITGA4:ITGB1

• Combadiere C. et al. Gene cloning, RNA distribution, and functional expression of mCX3CR1, a mouse chemotactic receptor for the CX3C chemokine fractalkine. — Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1998)
• Coultas L. et al. Cloning and characterization of murine CX3CR1, a receptor for murine fractalkine/neurotactin. (OCT-)
• The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). — Genome Res. (2004)
• Haskell C.A. et al. Molecular uncoupling of fractalkine-mediated cell adhesion and signal transduction. Rapid flow arrest of CX3CR1-expressing cells is independent of G-protein activation. — J. Biol. Chem. (1999)
• Jung S. et al. Analysis of fractalkine receptor CX(3)CR1 function by targeted deletion and green fluorescent protein reporter gene insertion. — Mol. Cell. Biol. (2000)
• Haskell C.A. et al. Targeted deletion of CX(3)CR1 reveals a role for fractalkine in cardiac allograft rejection. — J. Clin. Invest. (2001)
• Geissmann F. et al. Blood monocytes consist of two principal subsets with distinct migratory properties. — Immunity (2003)
• Lesnik P. et al. Decreased atherosclerosis in CX3CR1-/- mice reveals a role for fractalkine in atherogenesis. — J. Clin. Invest. (2003)