Recombinant Mouse Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (Ifitm3) Protein

Function

IFN-induced antiviral protein which disrupts intracellular cholesterol homeostasis. Inhibits the entry of viruses to the host cell cytoplasm by preventing viral fusion with cholesterol depleted endosomes. May inactivate new enveloped viruses which buds out of the infected cell, by letting them go out with a cholesterol depleted membrane. Active against multiple viruses, including influenza A virus, SARS coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2), Marburg virus (MARV), Ebola virus (EBOV), Dengue virus (DNV), West Nile virus (WNV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) (PubMed:33270927). Can inhibit: influenza virus hemagglutinin protein-mediated viral entry, MARV and EBOV GP1,2-mediated viral entry, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated viral entry and VSV G protein-mediated viral entry (PubMed:33270927). Plays a critical role in the structural stability and function of vacuolar ATPase (v-ATPase). Establishes physical contact with the v-ATPase of endosomes which is critical for proper clathrin localization and is also required for the function of the v-ATPase to lower the pH in phagocytic endosomes thus establishing an antiviral state. In hepatocytes, IFITM proteins act in a coordinated manner to restrict HCV infection by targeting the endocytosed HCV virion for lysosomal degradation. IFITM2 and IFITM3 display anti-HCV activity that may complement the anti-HCV activity of IFITM1 by inhibiting the late stages of HCV entry, possibly in a coordinated manner by trapping the virion in the endosomal pathway and targeting it for degradation at the lysosome. Exerts opposing activities on SARS-CoV-2, including amphipathicity-dependent restriction of virus at endosomes and amphipathicity-independent enhancement of infection at the plasma membrane

Subcellular Location

Cell membrane (Single-pass type II membrane protein); Late endosome membrane (Single-pass type II membrane protein); Early endosome membrane (Single-pass type II membrane protein); Lysosome membrane (Single-pass type II membrane protein); Cytoplasm, perinuclear region

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in acinar cell. Predominantly expressed in nascent primordial germ cells, as well as in gonadal germ cells

Subunit

Interacts with ATP6V0B (PubMed:22467717). Interacts with CD81 (PubMed:16395393). Interacts with SPP1; the interaction reduces OPN expression (By similarity). Interacts with BRI3 (By similarity)

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• Lange U.C. et al. The fragilis interferon-inducible gene family of transmembrane proteins is associated with germ cell specification in mice. — BMC Dev. Biol. (2003)
• Tanaka S.S. et al. IFITM/Mil/fragilis family proteins IFITM1 and IFITM3 play distinct roles in mouse primordial germ cell homing and repulsion. — Dev. Cell (2005)