Recombinant Mouse Interleukin-1 alpha (Il1a) (Active)

Function

Cytokine constitutively present intracellularly in nearly all resting non-hematopoietic cells that plays an important role in inflammation and bridges the innate and adaptive immune systems (PubMed:16256210). After binding to its receptor IL1R1 together with its accessory protein IL1RAP, forms the high affinity interleukin-1 receptor complex. Signaling involves the recruitment of adapter molecules such as MYD88, IRAK1 or IRAK4. In turn, mediates the activation of NF-kappa-B and the three MAPK pathways p38, p42/p44 and JNK pathways (PubMed:1386364). Within the cell, acts as an alarmin and cell death results in its liberation in the extracellular space after disruption of the cell membrane to induce inflammation and alert the host to injury or damage. In addition to its role as a danger signal, which occurs when the cytokine is passively released by cell necrosis, directly senses DNA damage and acts as a signal for genotoxic stress without loss of cell integrity (By similarity)

Subcellular Location

Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Secreted

Subunit

Monomer. Interacts with TMED10; the interaction mediates the translocation from the cytoplasm into the ERGIC (endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment) and thereby secretion. Interacts with IL1R1. Interacts with S100A13; this interaction is the first step in the export of IL1A, followed by direct translocation of this complex across the plasma membrane

• Lomedico P.T. et al. Cloning and expression of murine interleukin-1 cDNA in Escherichia coli. — Nature (1984)
• Kastelic T. et al. Complete nucleotide sequence of the murine interleukin-1 alpha gene. (JUN-)
• The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). — Genome Res. (2004)
• Beuscher H.U. et al. The precursor of interleukin-1 alpha is phosphorylated at residue serine 90. — J. Biol. Chem. (1988)
• Stylianou E. et al. Interleukin 1 induces NF-kappa B through its type I but not its type II receptor in lymphocytes. — J. Biol. Chem. (1992)
• Honore P. et al. Interleukin-1alphabeta gene-deficient mice show reduced nociceptive sensitivity in models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain but not post-operative pain. — Behav. Brain Res. (2006)