Recombinant Human Interleukin-36 beta (IL36B) (Active)

Function

Cytokine that binds to and signals through the IL1RL2/IL-36R receptor which in turn activates NF-kappa-B and MAPK signaling pathways in target cells linked to a pro-inflammatory response. Part of the IL-36 signaling system that is thought to be present in epithelial barriers and to take part in local inflammatory response; similar to the IL-1 system with which it shares the coreceptor IL1RAP. Stimulates production of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in synovial fibrobasts, articular chondrocytes and mature adipocytes. Induces expression of a number of antimicrobial peptides including beta-defensins 4 and 103 as well as a number of matrix metalloproteases. Seems to be involved in skin inflammatory response by acting on keratinocytes, dendritic cells and indirectly on T-cells to drive tissue infiltration, cell maturation and cell proliferation. In cultured keratinocytes induces the expression of macrophage, T-cell, and neutrophil chemokines, such as CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL2, CCL17, CCL22, CL20, CCL5, CCL2, CCL17, CCL22, CXCL8, CCL20 and CXCL1, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-8 and IL-6

Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm; Secreted

Tissue Specificity

Expression at low levels in tonsil, bone marrow, heart, placenta, lung, testis and colon but not in any hematopoietic cell lines. Not detected in adipose tissue. Expressed at higher levels in psoriatic plaques than in symptomless psoriatic skin or healthy control skin. Increased levels are not detected in inflamed joint tissue

Subunit

Interacts with cargo receptor TMED10; the interaction mediates the translocation from the cytoplasm into the ERGIC (endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment) and thereby secretion

• Kumar S. et al. Identification and initial characterization of four novel members of the interleukin-1 family. — J. Biol. Chem. (2000)
• Smith D.E. et al. Four new members expand the IL-1 superfamily. — J. Biol. Chem. (2000)
• Nicklin M.J.H. et al. A sequence-based map of the nine genes of the human interleukin-1 cluster. — Genomics (2002)
• PubMed: CI-DG51VTH6B23TB (SEP-)
• Hillier L.W. et al. Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. — Nature (2005)
• Mural R.J. et al. PubMed: CI-5GBDQ6B103N1E (JUL-)
• The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). — Genome Res. (2004)
• Magne D. et al. The new IL-1 family member IL-1F8 stimulates production of inflammatory mediators by synovial fibroblasts and articular chondrocytes. — Arthritis Res. Ther. (2006)