Recombinant Human ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 (CD38), partial (Active)

Function

Multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein able to exert enzymatic activities and also to mobilize calcium, to transduce signals, to adhere to hyaluronan and to other ligands. Synthesizes cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a second messenger for glucose-induced insulin secretion (PubMed:7961800, PubMed:8253715). Synthesizes the Ca(2+) mobilizer nicotinate-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NAADP(+), from 2'-phospho-cADPR and nicotinic acid, as well as from NADP(+) and nicotinic acid. At both pH 5.0 and pH 7.4 preferentially transforms 2'-phospho-cADPR into NAADP(+), while preferentially cleaving NADP(+) to cADPR and ADPRP rather than into NADDP(+) (PubMed:16690024). Has cADPR hydrolase activity (PubMed:7961800, PubMed:8253715). Functions also as a receptor that binds the ligand CD31 on endothelial cells, promoting lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and migration across the endothelial barrier (PubMed:9551996). Involved in the regulation of crucial dendritic cell functions acquired at the mature stage, such as CCL21-driven migration, survival, and Th1-polarizing activity (PubMed:16293598). In lamina propria T lymphocytes, CD38/CD31 cognate interactions initiate a multistep signaling pathway resulting in activation of LCK anf LAT, followed by cytokine release (PubMed:11259373)

Subcellular Location

Cell surface; Cell membrane (Single-pass type II membrane protein)

Tissue Specificity

Expressed at high levels in pancreas, liver, kidney, brain, testis, ovary, placenta, malignant lymphoma and neuroblastoma

Subunit

Homodimer

• Jackson D.G. et al. Isolation of a cDNA encoding the human CD38 (T10) molecule, a cell surface glycoprotein with an unusual discontinuous pattern of expression during lymphocyte differentiation. — J. Immunol. (1990)
• Nata K. et al. Human gene encoding CD38 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase): organization, nucleotide sequence and alternative splicing. — Gene (1997)
• The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). — Genome Res. (2004)
• States D.J. et al. Similarities in amino acid sequences of Aplysia ADP-ribosyl cyclase and human lymphocyte antigen CD38. — Trends Biochem. Sci. (1992)
• Takasawa S. et al. Synthesis and hydrolysis of cyclic ADP-ribose by human leukocyte antigen CD38 and inhibition of the hydrolysis by ATP. — J. Biol. Chem. (1993)
• Tohgo A. et al. Essential cysteine residues for cyclic ADP-ribose synthesis and hydrolysis by CD38. — J. Biol. Chem. (1994)
• Deaglio S. et al. Human CD38 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase) is a counter-receptor of CD31, an Ig superfamily member. — J. Immunol. (1998)
• Deaglio S. et al. Human CD38 and its ligand CD31 define a unique lamina propria T lymphocyte signaling pathway. — FASEB J. (2001)