Recombinant Human Clusterin (CLU) (Active)

Function

Does not affect caspase or BAX-mediated intrinsic apoptosis and TNF-induced NF-kappa-B-activity (PubMed:24073260). Promotes cell death through interaction with BCL2L1 that releases and activates BAX (PubMed:21567405)

Subcellular Location

Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Mitochondrion membrane (Peripheral membrane protein); Cytoplasm, cytosol; Microsome; Endoplasmic reticulum; Mitochondrion; Mitochondrion membrane; Cytoplasm, perinuclear region; Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, chromaffin granule

Tissue Specificity

Detected in blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, milk, seminal plasma and colon mucosa. Detected in the germinal center of colon lymphoid nodules and in colon parasympathetic ganglia of the Auerbach plexus (at protein level). Ubiquitous. Detected in brain, testis, ovary, liver and pancreas, and at lower levels in kidney, heart, spleen and lung

Subunit

Antiparallel disulfide-linked heterodimer of an alpha chain and a beta chain (PubMed:12047389, PubMed:1491011, PubMed:1551440, PubMed:2387851, PubMed:2780565, PubMed:8328966). Self-associates and forms higher oligomers (PubMed:1903064). Interacts with a broad range of misfolded proteins, including APP, APOC2 and LYZ (PubMed:17407782, PubMed:17412999, PubMed:8328966). Slightly acidic pH promotes interaction with misfolded proteins (PubMed:12176985). Forms high-molecular weight oligomers upon interaction with misfolded proteins (PubMed:19535339). Interacts with APOA1, LRP2, CLUAP1 and PON1 (PubMed:15480429, PubMed:17260971, PubMed:1742316, PubMed:1903064, PubMed:8292612). Interacts with the complement membrane attack complex (PubMed:2601725, PubMed:9200695, PubMed:34667172). Interacts (via alpha chain) with XRCC6 (By similarity). Interacts with SYVN1, COMMD1, BTRC, CUL1 and with ubiquitin and SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes (PubMed:17451556, PubMed:20068069). Interacts (via alpha chain) with BAX in stressed cells, where BAX undergoes a conformation change leading to association with the mitochondrial membrane (PubMed:16113678). Does not interact with BAX in unstressed cells (PubMed:16113678). Found in a complex with LTF, CLU, EPPIN and SEMG1 (PubMed:17567961). Interacts (immaturely glycosylated pre-secreted form) with HSPA5; this interaction promotes CLU stability and facilitates stress-induced CLU retrotranslocation from the secretory pathway to the mitochondria, thereby reducing stress-induced apoptosis by stabilizing mitochondrial membrane integrity (PubMed:22689054). Interacts (isoform 4) with BCL2L1; this interaction releases and activates BAX and promotes cell death (PubMed:21567405). Interacts with TGFBR2 and ACVR1 (PubMed:8555189). Interacts (secreted form) with STMN3; this interaction may act as an important modulator during neuronal differentiation (By similarity). Interacts with VLDLR and LRP8 (PubMed:24381170)

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• Prochnow H. et al. Non-secreted clusterin isoforms are translated in rare amounts from distinct human mRNA variants and do not affect Bax-mediated apoptosis or the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. — PLoS ONE (2013)
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• PubMed: CI-9GALB6QA9R6OH (JUL-)
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