Recombinant Human Decapping and exoribonuclease protein (DXO)

Function

Decapping enzyme for NAD-capped RNAs: specifically hydrolyzes the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) cap from a subset of RNAs by removing the entire NAD moiety from the 5'-end of an NAD-capped RNA (PubMed:28283058). The NAD-cap is present at the 5'-end of some RNAs and snoRNAs (PubMed:28283058). In contrast to the canonical 5'-end N7 methylguanosine (m7G) cap, the NAD cap promotes mRNA decay (PubMed:28283058). Preferentially acts on NAD-capped transcripts in response to environmental stress (PubMed:31101919). Also acts as a non-canonical decapping enzyme that removes the entire cap structure of m7G capped or incompletely capped RNAs and mediates their subsequent degradation (By similarity). Specifically degrades pre-mRNAs with a defective 5'-end m7G cap and is part of a pre-mRNA capping quality control (By similarity). Has decapping activity toward incomplete 5'-end m7G cap mRNAs such as unmethylated 5'-end-capped RNA (cap0), while it has no activity toward 2'-O-ribose methylated m7G cap (cap1) (PubMed:29601584). In contrast to canonical decapping enzymes DCP2 and NUDT16, which cleave the cap within the triphosphate linkage, the decapping activity releases the entire cap structure GpppN and a 5'-end monophosphate RNA (By similarity). Also has 5'-3' exoribonuclease activities: The 5'-end monophosphate RNA is then degraded by the 5'-3' exoribonuclease activity, enabling this enzyme to decap and degrade incompletely capped mRNAs (PubMed:29601584). Also possesses RNA 5'-pyrophosphohydrolase activity by hydrolyzing the 5'-end triphosphate to release pyrophosphates (By similarity). Exhibits decapping activity towards FAD-capped RNAs (PubMed:32374864). Exhibits decapping activity towards dpCoA-capped RNAs in vitro (By similarity)

Subcellular Location

Nucleus

Tissue Specificity

Ubiquitously expressed

• Yang Z. et al. Four ubiquitously expressed genes, RD (D6S45)-SKI2W (SKIV2L)-DOM3Z-RP1 (D6S60E), are present between complement component genes factor B and C4 in the class III region of the HLA. — Genomics (1998)
• Xie T. et al. Analysis of the gene-dense major histocompatibility complex class III region and its comparison to mouse. — Genome Res. (2003)
• Mural R.J. et al. PubMed: CI-5GBDQ6B103N1E (JUL-)
• Mungall A.J. et al. The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. — Nature (2003)
• The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). — Genome Res. (2004)
• Yang Z. et al. Organizations and gene duplications of the human and mouse MHC complement gene clusters. — Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. (2000)
• Zheng D. et al. Unraveling regulation and new components of human P-bodies through a protein interaction framework and experimental validation. — RNA (2011)
• Jiao X. et al. 5' end nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cap in human cells promotes RNA decay through DXO-mediated deNADding. — Cell (2017)