Recombinant Human Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 (GNA13)

Function

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems (PubMed:15240885, PubMed:16705036, PubMed:16787920, PubMed:27084452). Activates effector molecule RhoA by binding and activating RhoGEFs (ARHGEF1/p115RhoGEF, ARHGEF11/PDZ-RhoGEF and ARHGEF12/LARG) (PubMed:12515866, PubMed:15240885). GNA13-dependent Rho signaling subsequently regulates transcription factor AP-1 (activating protein-1) (By similarity). Promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis by activating RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway (PubMed:16705036, PubMed:16787920, PubMed:27084452). Inhibits CDH1-mediated cell adhesion in a process independent from Rho activation (PubMed:11976333). In lymphoid follicles, transmits P2RY8- and S1PR2-dependent signals that lead to inhibition of germinal center (GC) B cell growth and migration outside the GC niche

Subcellular Location

Cell membrane (Peripheral membrane protein); Melanosome; Cytoplasm; Nucleus

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in testis, including in Leydig cells and in the seminiferous epithelium, in differentiating cells from the spermatogonia to mature spermatozoa stages and round spermatids (at protein level). Expressed in 99.2% of spermatozoa from healthy individuals, but only in 28.6% of macrocephalic spermatozoa from infertile patients (at protein level)

Subunit

G proteins are composed of 3 units; alpha, beta and gamma (PubMed:12399457). The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site (By similarity). Interacts with UBXD5 (PubMed:16202387). Interacts with HAX1 (PubMed:15339924). Interacts (in GTP-bound form) with PPP5C (via TPR repeats); activates PPP5C phosphatase activity and translocates PPP5C to the cell membrane. Interacts with RGS22 (PubMed:18703424). Interacts (in GTP-bound form) with ARHGEF1 (PubMed:10747909). Interacts (in GTP-bound form) with ARHGEF11 (via RGS domain) (PubMed:10026210). Interacts (in GTP-bound form) with ARHGEF12 (via RGS domain) (PubMed:11094164). Interacts with CTNND1 (PubMed:15240885). Interacts with GASL2L2 (PubMed:23994616). Interacts with GPR35 (PubMed:36543774). Interacts with GPR174 (By similarity)

• Kabouridis P.S. et al. Expression of GTP-binding protein alpha subunits in human thymocytes. — Mol. Cell. Biochem. (1995)
• Puhl H.L. III et al. cDNA clones of human proteins involved in signal transduction sequenced by the Guthrie cDNA resource center (www.cdna.org). (MAR-)
• Ota T. et al. Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. — Nat. Genet. (2004)
• Mural R.J. et al. PubMed: CI-5GBDQ6B103N1E (JUL-)
• The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). — Genome Res. (2004)
• Fukuhara S. et al. A novel PDZ domain containing guanine nucleotide exchange factor links heterotrimeric G proteins to Rho. — J. Biol. Chem. (1999)
• Fukuhara S. et al. Leukemia-associated Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (LARG) links heterotrimeric G proteins of the G(12) family to Rho. — FEBS Lett. (2000)
• Bhattacharyya R. et al. Galpha 13 requires palmitoylation for plasma membrane localization, Rho-dependent signaling, and promotion of p115-RhoGEF membrane binding. — J. Biol. Chem. (2000)