Recombinant Human HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain (HLA-DPB1), partial

Function

Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal microenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading

Subcellular Location

Cell membrane (Single-pass type I membrane protein); Endoplasmic reticulum membrane (Single-pass type I membrane protein); Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane (Single-pass type I membrane protein); Endosome membrane (Single-pass type I membrane protein); Lysosome membrane (Single-pass type I membrane protein)

Subunit

Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit; also referred as MHC class II molecule. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) it forms a heterononamer; 3 MHC class II molecules bind to a CD74 homotrimer (also known as invariant chain or HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain). In the endosomal/lysosomal system; CD74 undergoes sequential degradation by various proteases; leaving a small fragment termed CLIP on each MHC class II molecule. MHC class II molecule interacts with HLA_DM, and HLA_DO in B-cells, in order to release CLIP and facilitate the binding of antigenic peptides

• Kappes D.J. et al. Structure and polymorphism of the HLA class II SB light chain genes. — EMBO J. (1984)
• Tonnelle C. et al. DO beta: a new beta chain gene in HLA-D with a distinct regulation of expression. — EMBO J. (1985)
• Kelly A. et al. Complete nucleotide sequence of a functional HLA-DP beta gene and the region between the DP beta 1 and DP alpha 1 genes: comparison of the 5' ends of HLA class II genes. — Nucleic Acids Res. (1985)
• Gustafsson K. et al. Class II genes of the human major histocompatibility complex. Evolution of the DP region as deduced from nucleotide sequences of the four genes. — J. Biol. Chem. (1987)
• Compagnone-Post P. et al. The beta-chains of DP4 molecules from different haplotypes are encoded by the same gene. — Genomics (1988)
• Korioth F. et al. A new HLA-DPB1 allele from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. — Tissue Antigens (1992)
• Reinders J. et al. Extended HLA-DPB1 polymorphism: an RNA approach for HLA-DPB1 typing. — Immunogenetics (2005)
• Lee E. et al. PubMed: CI-BFQCFS6UJEFEA (JUN-)