Recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type IV major pilin protein PilA (pilA), partial

Function

Major component of the type IV pilus (T4P) that plays a role in surface and host cell adhesion, colonization, biofilm maturation, virulence, and twitching, a form of surface-associated motility facilitated by cycles of extension, adhesion, and retraction of T4P fibers (PubMed:26041805, PubMed:31431558, PubMed:9282737). In addition, plays a critical role in type II secretion of exoenzymes by interacting with specific components such as XcpT or XcpU (PubMed:9282737). Modulates host calcium signaling through interaction with host calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand (PubMed:23266901)

Subcellular Location

Fimbrium; Cell inner membrane (Single-pass membrane protein); Host endoplasmic reticulum membrane

Subunit

(Microbial infection) The ssRNA phage PP7 infects P.aeruginosa O1 (PAO1) through the retractile type IV pilus (T4P). PP7 binds to T4P by interacting with a single pilin subunit PilA through the Pilus-Interacting Region (PIR) of the phage maturation protein (Mat), and is brought to the cell surface through pilus retraction powered by ATPases PilT and PilU. Then Mat enters the cell envelope, causing pilus bending and pilus detachment, which impairs cell motility and restricts the pathogen's virulence

• Sastry P.A. et al. Comparative studies of the amino acid and nucleotide sequences of pilin derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAK and PAO. — J. Bacteriol. (1985)
• Stover C.K. et al. Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, an opportunistic pathogen. — Nature (2000)
• Macdonald D.L. et al. Mutations in the fifth-position glutamate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pilin affect the transmethylation of the N-terminal phenylalanine. — Can. J. Microbiol. (1993)
• Strom M.S. et al. Kinetics and sequence specificity of processing of prepilin by PilD, the type IV leader peptidase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. — J. Bacteriol. (1992)
• Lu H.M. et al. Interactions of the components of the general secretion pathway: role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pilin subunits in complex formation and extracellular protein secretion. — Mol. Microbiol. (1997)
• Okuda J. et al. Type IV pilus protein PilA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa modulates calcium signaling through binding the calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand. — J. Infect. Chemother. (2013)
• Persat A. et al. Type IV pili mechanochemically regulate virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. — Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2015)
• Kilmury S.L. et al. Type IV pilins regulate their own expression via direct intramembrane interactions with the sensor kinase PilS. — Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2016)