Mouse anti-Human/Mouse/Rat sapiens (Human) AKT3 Monoclonal Antibody

Function

AKT3 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT3 is the least studied AKT isoform. It plays an important role in brain development and is crucial for the viability of malignant glioma cells. AKT3 isoform may also be the key molecule in up-regulation and down-regulation of MMP13 via IL13. Required for the coordination of mitochondrial biogenesis with growth factor-induced increases in cellular energy demands. Down-regulation by RNA interference reduces the expression of the phosphorylated form of BAD, resulting in the induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis

Subcellular Location

Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Membrane (Peripheral membrane protein)

Disease Association

[AKT3 is a key modulator of several tumors like melanoma, glioma and ovarian cancer. Active AKT3 increases progressively during melanoma tumor progression with highest levels present in advanced-stage metastatic melanomas. Promotes melanoma tumorigenesis by decreasing apoptosis. Plays a key role in the genesis of ovarian cancers through modulation of G2/M phase transition. With AKT2, plays a pivotal role in the biology of glioblastoma] | Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome 2 (MPPH2) : A syndrome characterized by megalencephaly, hydrocephalus, and polymicrogyria; polydactyly may also be seen. There is considerable phenotypic similarity between this disorder and the megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome. [The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry]

Tissue Specificity

In adult tissues, it is highly expressed in brain, lung and kidney, but weakly in heart, testis and liver. In fetal tissues, it is highly expressed in heart, liver and brain and not at all in kidney

Subunit

Interacts (via PH domain) with TCL1A; this enhances AKT3 phosphorylation and activation. Interacts with TRAF6. Interacts with KCTD20 (By similarity). Interacts with BTBD10 (By similarity)

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• Nakatani K. et al. Identification of a human Akt3 (protein kinase B gamma) which contains the regulatory serine phosphorylation site. — Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1999)
• Masure S. et al. Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of the human serine/threonine kinase Akt-3. — Eur. J. Biochem. (1999)
• Li X. et al. Cloning of a novel human cDNA, STK-2, which encodes a rat serine-threonine protein kinase (STK) homolog. (AUG-)
• Wiemann S. et al. Towards a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs. — Genome Res. (2001)
• Brodbeck D. et al. Two splice variants of PKB gamma have different regulatory capacity depending on the presence or absence of the regulatory phosphorylation site Ser-472 in the C-terminal hydrophobic domain. — J. Biol. Chem. (2001)
• Gregory S.G. et al. The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. — Nature (2006)
• Mural R.J. et al. PubMed: CI-5GBDQ6B103N1E (JUL-)